How to read, analyze and dispute your Equifax credit report

Posted by Caitlin on June 30th, 2008

Equifax is one of the three major credit reporting bureaus in the United States.

In this guide we are going to walk through a sample version of Equifax's online credit report with FICO score. If you don't already have your Equifax credit report you can get instant online access to an Equifax or three bureau credit report and FICO score at Equifax.com. This service will provide you with a free Equifax credit report, a free FICO credit score and a free trial of a credit monitoring service that will help you keep an eye on any changes to your credit file. Since Equifax offers a 30 day free trial, you can sign up without any risk.

You are also entitled to one free credit report per year from annualcreditreport.com. Keep in mind that credit reports ordered through annualcreditreport.com do not include a FICO score, which is a good indicator of your overall credit health. If you choose to order your Equifax credit report through annualcreditreport.com or purchase a credit report without a FICO score, however, this guide will still be applicable, after the first section.

We will explain how to read each section of the report and how to spot potential errors that may be lowering your credit score and costing you money or impacting your financial life in other ways. Like most of the other credit report and monitoring services, Equifax offers consumers the option to purchase what is known as a "3-in-1" or "three bureau" credit report which includes information from Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. Keep in mind that if you purchase a three bureau credit report from Equifax, which we strongly suggest since it will give you insight into how lenders view you across all three bureaus, the information from the Experian and TransUnion sections of the report will have been provided by the respective bureaus.

So, even though you will be able to view the information side by side, any disputes on non-Equifax information will need to be taken up directly with the appropriate credit bureau. The first installment of our "How to read, analyze and dispute credit reports" series explains how to review information from Experian, and a future installment will explain how to review information from TransUnion.

With that said, let's dive right into your Equifax credit report.

Section #1: Credit Score

This section tells you your FICO credit score, explains what factors are affecting your score, what your score means, and how you can improve it.

The score summary section gives you your FICO score, which is a number between 300 and 850, and tells you whether your score falls in comparison to other consumers. It also breaks down the major factors affecting your score.

The section titled "Understanding Your Score" breaks down the reasoning behind your FICO score in more depth, and lists the specific factors that are both hurting and helping your score. This section also offers suggestions on how to mitigate any of the detrimental factors.

The next section explains what your FICO score means to lenders, and how it will impact their perception of your loan risk.

The FICO Simulator is a useful tool that predicts how your score might change over time. The first three tabs let you play with different scenarios to see what actions could raise or lower your score, and the fourth tab advises you on the best strategy for improving your score.

Section #2: Credit Summary

The purpose of this section is to provide a quick snapshot of your current and prior credit history by showing the total number of open and closed credit accounts in your name, your outstanding balances for different types of credit accounts in your name and your history of delinquent accounts.

This section lists a variety of information all of your credit accounts. The types of accounts in this section include:

• Mortgage – this section includes accounts related to real estate that you have purchased.
• Installment – this section includes fixed amount credit accounts such as auto loans. Installment accounts are typically for a fixed amount and are paid off over time.
• Revolving – this section includes revolving credit accounts such as credit cards. They are called revolving accounts because although they may have an upper limit on what can be borrowed at any given time you can use as much credit as you have available.
• Other – this section includes additional accounts that don't fit into any of the other category types.

For each type of credit account listed above this section will list the following information:

• Total Number – the total number of credit accounts by type that have been reported to Equifax throughout your recorded credit history. This number will include both open and closed accounts. For example, if the count for your installment accounts is ‘2? then it would mean that Equifax has data about two different installment accounts in your name, even if some of those accounts have been closed by you or the creditor.
• Balance – the outstanding balance of all accounts of a particular type. This is what you owe to all the creditors of this particular credit account type according to information reported to Equifax and will be listed as an actual dollar amount.
• Available – the unutilized credit remaining on each account.
• Credit Limit – the maximum amount of allowed credit for each account.
• Debt to Credit Ratio – the percentage of your available credit that you are currently using.
• Monthly Payment Amount – the amount that you pay each month.
• Accounts with a Balance – the number of accounts of each type that carry an outstanding balance.

Here are some important things to look for in this section:

• Make sure that the number of accounts of a specific type, total accounts or total balances don't seem higher than they should be.

If you see any inaccuracies in any area of the credit summary section you should move immediately to the account history of your credit report which will have more detailed information on an account by account basis. This will help you further investigate whether or not your credit report contains errors.

Section #3: Accounts

The purpose of this section is to provide detailed information on all credit accounts that you have ever opened that have been reported to Equifax.

For each account listed in this section, there will be specific information about the type of account, the current status, dates and payment amounts, and any negative information associated with

This section also includes an 81 month payment history of each account listed that gives potential creditors insight into how you have kept up on your existing accounts. This information is represented graphically to show your account performance in each month.

The information that is reported in account payment history includes:

• * – This account is paid on time and in full.
• 30/60/90/120/150/180 – The number of days the account has been past due.
• CA – This account is outstanding and has been sent to a third party for collection.
• CO – This account is outstanding and the creditor is no longer attempting to collect payment.
• F – Property related to this account has been foreclosed.
• VS – Property related to this account has been voluntarily surrendered.
• R – Property related to this account has been repossessed.
• NR – No data is available for a particular month. This is usually because either the account was not open or the creditor has not reported information to Equifax in a given month.

Here are some important things to look for in this section:

• Make sure that the information in this section is accurate. Pay especially close attention to any information related to delinquency, collections or past due accounts either in the account details area or in the 81 month payment history, as all of these things negatively impact your credit report and credit score.
• Make sure all of your accounts in good standing are represented. Not all creditors report account data to all credit bureaus, so Equifax may not have access to information on all of your positive account information (of course, this means that they may not have access to negative account information as well). If you don't see an account that you believe to be in good standing listed in your Equifax credit report then contact your creditor and ask them if they report your account information to Equifax.
• Make sure you recognize all of the creditors and accounts listed in this section. Any unrecognized accounts could mean that your financial information may have been compromised and that identity thieves may have opened accounts in your name.

Keep in mind that different creditors report information to Equifax in different cycles so some information, such as the balance listed on your account, may not be totally up-to-date. This is fine as long as you have verified that it is an account that you recognize and that the information listed was accurate at some point in the recent past. If you don't see this type of information update over time it is a good idea to contact your creditor to see if there are any problems with your account or ask how frequently they report your account information to Equifax.

Section #4: Inquiries

The purpose of this section is to show what companies have requested your credit report from Equifax. This includes inquiries that may impact your credit rating, and inquiries that do not. Equifax treats these two types of inquiries very differently.

Inquiries that may impact your credit rating (hard inquiries):

• Are generated as a result of action taken by you such as completing a credit, insurance, mortgage or other loan application or due to the transfer of an account by the creditor to collections.
• Remain on your Equifax credit report for up to two years.
• Are viewable by creditors when they review your credit report.

Inquiries that do not impact your credit rating (soft inquiries):

• Are generated when a company pulls your credit report to evaluate you for an offer of credit that you have not requested. Pre-approved offers from credit card companies that you receive in the mail are typically generated as a result of a soft inquiry by the creditor who sent the offer to you, for example.
• Have no impact on your credit report or credit score.
• Are not viewable by anyone other than you.

For each inquiry, whether it is a hard or soft inquiry, the following information will be listed:

• The name of the company that requested the inquiry.
• The type of business that company operates. For example, if you filled out a credit card application with your bank the resulting inquiry would be listed as ‘Banks & S&Ls'.
• The date the inquiry was requested.

Here are some important things to look for in this section:

• Make sure that all of the hard inquiries are accurate. If you don't recognize the name of a company listed in this section then research it to find out whether or not you had actually initiated a credit inquiry with them. Keep in mind that some organizations have consumer brand names that are different than their actual corporate names, so you may not recognize the name listed in the report even if it is a valid inquiry. Searching for the company name in an Internet search engine such as Google or Yahoo is a good way to find out who they are.
• Make sure to take note of the total number of hard inquiries and their dates. Since hard inquires stay on your credit report for up to two years and have some negative impact on your credit report and credit score it is good to be aware of the number and age of hard inquiries that have been reported to Equifax.

If you find hard inquiries that don't appear to be accurate it is best to contact the company that made the inquiry first. The creditor will be able to research the purpose of the inquiry and assist you with getting it removed from your credit report if it was mistakenly reported to Equifax.

While soft inquiries won't impact your credit report or credit score in any way, as they are only viewable by you, there are ways to eliminate or at least limit the number of soft inquiries you receive. The fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) allows consumers to opt-out of receiving pre-screened offers of credit by calling 888-567-8688 or by visiting optoutprescreen.com.

Section #5: Negative Information

The purpose of this section is to document any information that could hurt your credit score. This includes negative accounts, accounts that have been turned over to a collection agency, and public record information. Public record information includes federal district bankruptcy records, state and county court records, tax liens and monetary judgments that have been levied against you. In some states overdue child support is also reported in this section. Public record items typically will stay on your credit report for 7 to 10 years.

The negative accounts section will list any ‘past due' accounts that have been reported to Equifax in your name. These include both open and closed accounts. Creditors will typically report a delinquent account to Equifax if it has gone unpaid for at least 90 days, although it can technically be reported sooner.

The collections section will list any accounts that have been turned over to a collection agency by one of your creditors because they believe the account has not been paid as agreed.

The public records section will list information about any bankruptcies, judgments and tax liens.

Here are some important things to look for in this section:

• Make sure that the number and dollar amount of delinquent accounts for each type of credit looks accurate. This is an important area to focus on because errors by creditors or accounts fraudulently opened in your name by identity thieves are likely to become delinquent accounts before they are sent to collections. By catching delinquent accounts early you can prevent them from being sent to collections, which can have a significant negative impact and, often, a higher cost to you.
• Make sure that the number of collections accounts looks accurate. Once an account has been sent to collections it will begin to have a significant negative impact on your credit score. Whether you simply have not been able to pay your bills, the creditor has made a reporting error or you have fallen victim to identity thieves, the collections section should be carefully scanned for accuracy.
• Make sure that any public record items are accurate.

Section #5: Personal Information

The purpose of this section of your credit report is to document your personal information such as name(s), age, address and work history.

The specific information listed in this section includes:

• Full legal name
• Any alternative names you may currently or have previously used to obtain credit
• Social Security number
• Date of birth
• Current and previous addresses
• Current and previous employers
• Any alerts that have been placed on your credit file

Here are some important things to look for in this section:

• Make sure that your name is correctly displayed and that any alternative names or alias are accurate. If there are alternative names listed that you have never used then it could be a sign that Equifax has confused your credit file with that of another consumer with the same or a similar name.
• Make sure your year of birth is accurate. Again, an error in this section of your credit report could mean that you are being confused with another consumer.
• Make sure that there are no addresses where you have never lived or employers that you have never worked for listed in the respective sections. Keep in mind that it may take some time for these sections to update when you move to a new residence or take a new job. For this reason, it is fine if the information is outdated as long as it is still accurate. For example, it is not a problem if you have recently changed jobs and your credit report still lists a former employer as your current employer. However, if your credit report were to show that you currently or previously worked for an employer by whom you were never employed, then you may have a problem.

Section #6: Dispute File Information

If you find information that you believe is inaccurate on your credit report it is important to act quickly as these errors could not only be costing you money, but could also be early warning signs of possible identity theft. Luckily, Equifax makes it fairly simple to dispute any credit report item that you believe to be inaccurate.

From this section of your credit report, you can simply click the link that says, "Click here to begin an online investigation of information found in your file." This will take you to an online dispute resolution form. Be ready with the confirmation number located at the top of your credit file. When submitting your dispute, provide an explanation as to why you believe that the particular item is inaccurate. You should be as descriptive as possible. Just saying "This is wrong" or something similar will not be sufficient. You should provide specific reasons as to why you believe the information on your Experian credit report is erroneous as well as any supporting evidence that you may have. Equifax will review your request and notify you within 30-45 days of their decision on the dispute. If the dispute is resolved in your favor, Equifax will remove or correct information that is inaccurate or cannot be verified during their investigation.

If you would like to receive the results of your dispute through mail as opposed to email, you should submit your dispute by mail or by phone.

In addition to disputing inaccurate information with Equifax, we strongly suggest that you contact the company that reported the account information to them in the first place. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) both the credit bureau and the company that reported the information are responsible for the accuracy of account information on your credit report. If you believe that one of your creditors has reported inaccurate information then you should contact them directly. Each company has a different dispute resolution process but it is a good idea to contact their customer service department as a first step, as they will likely be able to provide you with the appropriate steps to take.

Conclusion

Your credit report is like your resume for potential lenders. It gives insight into the positive and negative elements of your credit history based off of information reported by your previous creditors. It is important to not only limit the number of negative items on your report by practicing healthy credit usage habits, but to make sure you have insight into any potential erroneous or inaccurate information as those errors may be costing your thousands of dollars or more.

We invite you to check out our online credit report monitoring service comparison guide where you can learn more about credit reports and monitoring from a variety of service providers.

We hope this guide has been a helpful tool in enabling you to better understand the information on your Equifax credit report and, just as importantly, get a better idea as to how potential lenders may view you. Stay tuned for our next installment where we will cover the specifics of reviewing your TransUnion credit report.

In the meantime, let us know if you have any feedback on this guide or if there are any additional questions you may have about your Equifax credit report by leaving us a note in the comments.